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1
- Introduction to drip irrigation
- Growing more with irrigation
- Defining irrigation
- DRIP IRRIGATION TODAY
- Defining drip irrigation
- The Rivulis story
- The 6 key considerations in developing your irrigation system
- What are the big six?
- Consideration 1: Your crop
- Consideration 2: The climatic conditions of your farm
- Evapotranspiration (ET)
- The crop coefficient (Kc)
- Putting it together
- Consideration 3: Your fields
- Factors you need to define (in relation to irrigation)
- The farm map
- Consideration 4: Your soil
- Field capacity
- The range of soils
- Other soil considerations
- Consideration 5: Your water source
- Where does your water come from?
- Digging deeper – what’s in your water?
- Salinity
- pH
- Potential clogging test
- Consideration 6: Your energy
- Diesel and electric pumping costs
- Moving forward
2
- Overview of drip irrigation systems & components
- The big picture
- Main control head
- Secondary control head
- Major components of a drip irrigation system
- Pre-pump/water source
- Pre-pump protection
- The pump
- Pump discharge (flow)
- Pump head (pressure)
- Putting it together
- Electric or diesel
- Filters
- Primary/secondary filtration
- Automatic, semi-automatic or manual filtration
- Micron and mesh
- Footprint
- Back-flush water used
- Filtration methods
- So what filtration type do you need?
- Hydrocyclone sand separators
- Media/gravel filters
- Screen filters
- Disc filters
- Filtration rules of thumb
- Hydraulic control valves, check valves and air valves
- The two questions
- Question 1 – What is the primary function?
- Question 2 – How will the valve be controlled?
- The two questions – next steps
- Throttling
- Solenoids
- Check valves
- Air valves (air vents)
- Air valve location
- Mainlines and submains
- Be careful in reducing your mainline/submain diameters…
- Automation
- Fertigation & chemigation
- Fertigation – fertilizer tank
- Fertigation – Venturi
- Fertigation – hydraulic pump
- Fertigation – electric pump
- Fertigation – automated fertigation machine
- Fittings/connectors
- Drip emission – drip tapes/drip lines and online drippers
- The seasonal/multi-season system
- The permanent system
- The subsurface system (SDI)
- Drip tape/drip line or online drip emitters
- First – an introduction to uniformity
- Application
- Non-PC compared to PC/AS/ND dripper options
- Pressure compensating (PC) drippers
- Anti-siphon (AS) drippers
- No-drain (ND) drippers
- Diameter
- Wall thickness
- Emitter spacing
- Dripper spacing with SDI
- Flow rate
- Drip line product naming
- Drip tape product naming
- Online drippers
- Opening and sealing pressure options
- Pegs
- Flushing manifold
- Pressure gauges & flow meters
- Crop monitoring
- Frost protection systems
- Types of frost
- Active frost protection
- Conclusion
3
- Design, Installation and startup
- Hydraulic design
- The goal
- Getting started
- Design software solutions
- The Rivulis Hydraulic Tool
- WCADI
- Engaging a hydraulic designer
- Completing the questionnaire – map of irrigation project site
- Completing the questionnaire – crop & irrigation data
- Completing the questionnaire – soil data
- Completing the questionnaire – energy & irrigation time data
- Completing the questionnaire – water source data
- Completing the questionnaire – pumping data
- Completing the questionnaire – operation and control
- Completing the questionnaire – order of operation
- Completing the questionnaire – mainlines and submains
- Completing the questionnaire – fertigation
- Completing the questionnaire – final words
- Key design principles
- Meters head & static head
- Head loss
- Blocks
- Irrigation shifts
- Irrigation scheduling
- Mainline and submain design
- Cavitation
- Water hammer
- Installation
- Installation of drip laterals
- Before installation
- Installation equipment
- During installation
- Steps for installation
- Installation of mainlines & submains
- Installing buried mainlines and submains
- Installing layflat and flat PE (MaxFlat) submains
- Connection of drip laterals to submains
- Thin wall drip line/tape → layflat submain
- Thin wall drip line/tape → H6000/H6500 PE submain
- Thin wall drip line/tape → PE submain
- Thin wall drip line/tape → PVC/PE submain
- Heavy wall drip line/LDPE → PVC/PE submain
- Terminating drip lateral ends
- Simple closing bands
- Individual flushing valves
- End plug/line end clamps
- Flushing manifold
- Startup (first use)
- Step 1 – Flushing
- The flushing process
- Step 2 – Calibration
- Step 3 – Testing
- Checklist
- Now what
4
- Maintenance
- The big nine
- Number 1. Good filtration
- Maintenance – hydrocyclone filters
- Maintenance – manual and semi-automatic filters (screen and disc)
- Maintenance – automatic screen filters
- Maintenance – media filtration
- Maintenance – disc filters
- Number 2. Correct operation pressure
- Pressure gauge locations
- Reading pressure levels
- Pressure regulating valves
- Key take aways – pressure
- Number 3. Correct flow rate
- Reading flow rate measurements
- Key take aways – flow rates
- Number 4. Flushing regime
- When and what to flush
- How to flush
- Number 5. Chemical treatment
- Chemical treatments
- A note regarding time
- Acid treatment
- Types of acids
- Acid handling guidelines
- Material sensitivity to acid
- How to calculate the concentration of acid required
- How to calculate the total acid injection quantity according to the injection period
- How to apply acid
- Oxidation (chlorine/peroxide) treatment
- Important oxidizing treatment guidelines
- Active chlorine and peroxide test kits
- Continuous/periodic injection regimes
- Chlorine
- How to calculate the total chlorine injection quantity for the injection period
- Hydrogen peroxide
- How to apply oxidation treatments
- Number 6. Leakage and clogging prevention
- Leak monitoring
- Leak cause – insect damage
- Leak cause – rodent damage
- Leak cause – magnifying glass effect
- Leak cause – damage during installation
- Clogging cause – root intrusion
- Clogging cause – soil ingestion
- Clogging cause – precipitation
- Clogging cause – poor quality filtration
- Number 7. Correct fertigation regimes
- Fertilizer types
- Difference in solubility with temperature change
- Calculation of the injection rate
- Some specific considerations to keep in mind
- When to fertigate
- Number 8. Maintenance of pumps and open water sources
- Pumps
- Number 9. Salinity management
- Risk factors for salinity
- Managing salinity
- Salt leaching techniques
- Conclusion
Close Drip Emitter Spacing
Crop Insights
Optimizing your irrigation system
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© 2023, Rivulis Irrigation Ltd, all rights reserved.
Reproduction of this content in any form is prohibited without the written consent of Rivulis Irrigation Ltd.
